Голицынский, 7-е издание – Контрольное упражнение 3

The Earth’s climate has changed many times during the planet’s history, with events ranging from ice ages to long periods of warmth. Historically, natural factors such as volcanic eruptions, changes in the Earth’s orbit, and the amount of energy released from the Sun have affected the Earth’s climate. For over the past 200 years, the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, and deforestation have caused the concentrations of “greenhouse gases” in our atmosphere. These gases prevent heat from escaping to space, causing the atmosphere to become warmer. Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of Earth’s near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century. So human activities have changed the composition of the atmosphere and therefore very likely are influencing the Earth’s – climate. But climate change affects people, plants, and animals. Scientists have observed that some changes are occurring at present. Observed effects include sea level rise, shrinking glaciers, changes in the range and distribution of plants and animals, trees blooming earlier, lengthening of growing seasons, ice on rivers and lakes freezing later and breaking up earlier, and thawing of permafrost. Scientists are working to better understand future climate change and how societies and the Earth’s environment will adapt to or cope with climate change.
a) Причастие I: ranging, causing, influencing, occuring, blooming, growing, freezing, breaking up, working;
b) Герундий: escaping, shrinking;
c) Отглагольное существительное: burning, warming, lengthening, thawing.