Биболетова – 9 класс – Часть 2 – Рабочая тетрадь – Раздел 2 – Упражнение 13

I took it when we were in Paris. I think you can guess what this is. In this photo you can see not only the symbol of Paris, but the symbol of the whole France – the Eiffel Tower. It is a Parisian landmark that is also a technological masterpiece in building-construction history. When the French government was organizing the International Exposition of 1889 to celebrate the centenary of the French Revolution, a competition was held for designs for a suitable monument. More than 100 plans were submitted, and the Centennial Committee accepted that of the noted bridge engineer Gustave Eiffel. Eiffel’s concept of a 984-foot (300-metre) tower built almost entirely of open-lattice wrought iron aroused amazement, skepticism, and no little opposition on aesthetic grounds. When completed, the tower served as the entrance gateway to the exposition. Nothing remotely like the Eiffel Tower had ever been built; it was twice as high as the dome of St Peter’s in Rome or the Great Pyramid of Giza. Making use of his advanced knowledge of the behaviour of metal arch and metal truss forms under loading, Eiffel designed a light, airy, but strong structure that presaged a revolution in civil engineering and architectural design. The Eiffel Tower stands on four lattice-girder piers that taper inward and join to form a single large vertical tower. As they curve inward, the piers are connected to each other by networks of girders at two levels that afford viewing platforms for tourists. The glass-cage machines designed by the Otis Elevator Company of the United States became one of the principal features of the building, helping establish it as one of the world’s premier tourist attractions. The tower itself is 300 m (984 feet) high. It rests on a base that is 5 m (17 feet) high, and a television antenna atop the tower gives it a total elevation of 322 m (1,056 feet). The Eiffel Tower was the tallest man-made structure in the world until the completion of the Chrysler Muilding in New York City in 1930.