Баранова, Starlight 8. Учебник. Module 1f

1 UNDERSEA
2 STRIKES
3 WASHES AWAY
4 FORCE
5 CLOSED DOWN
6 EVACUATED
7 RUNNING WATER

In March 2011, an undersea earthquake struck off the coast of Japan. Soon after, a 10-metre tsunami followed which washed away many houses and cars. The force of the Japan quake was so big that it moved the island by about 2.4 metres. Many nuclear power stations in the areas where the quake struck had to be closed down. Half a million Japanese people evacuated their houses and almost 1.4 million in total were without running water.

1 How strong was the earthquake? It was a magnitude 9 quake.
2 How many people died? Over 15, 000 people died.
3 How far inland did the tsunami reach? It reached 10 km inland.

1C 2A 3F 4E 5D
1 devastating tsunami … swept away
2 hundreds of kilometres away … closer to the epicentre
3 a wall of water … washed away houses … hurled ships far inland
4 pylons had crumbled … without power, …
5 Over 15, 000 people died … there were hardly any survivors

triggered: started
partial: incomplete
frantic: panicked & frightened
hurled: violently threw
stranded: unable to leave
swamp-like: very wet
crumbled: broken into small pieces
rubble: pieces of bricks, stones & other materials
clinging to: holding on tightly

1 C, C, C, C/U
3 U, U, U
2 C, C/U, C/U, C
4 U, C/U, U

1 any
2 few
3 A lot of
4 a little
5 Most, any
6 much, any
1 (C – interrogative)
2 (C – affirmative)
3 (C – affirmative)
4 (U)
5 (plural – C), (negative – U)
6 (U – negative), (C – negative)
1 There were some aftershocks after the earthquake.
2 Rescue workers wasted little time and started looking for survivors.
3 Much damage was caused by the earthquake.
4 Only a few people survived.
5 A lot of people evacuated the town because there was too much damage, but some people stayed.
6 There weren’t many houses that people could live in and some people stayed in shelters.

1 a number of (not possible C), large amount of (U), a great deal of (U), plenty of (C/U)
2 a little (not possible U), quite a lot of (C/U), quite a few (C), plenty of (C/U)
3 any (not possible – negative), no (C/U), hardly any (C/U), a small number of (C)
4 Much (not possible U), A large number of (C), Several (C), A couple of (C)
5 Every (not possible – singular C), All (C), Several (C), Each (of) (C)
Examples from text: a great deal of time (U), quite a few foreshocks (C), many office workers (C), much worse (U), a large number of aftershocks (C) …

1 Neither (not one and not the other)
2 both (refers to two)
3 The whole of (all the)
4 Either (choice between two)
5 none (more than two)

The whole of the northeastern coast of Japan was hit by the tsunami.
A large amount of people were affected.
There was hardly any time to evacuate when the earthquake struck.
Most people were told to leave their homes.
As the days passed, there was little hope of finding missing people.
Only a few people survived.

It was about a quarter to three and I was on my way to lunch. Suddenly, as I was crossing the street the ground began to shake. I froze on the spot as I saw office workers running out of their buildings and watched as the buildings shook violently. People were screaming and crying. To make matters worse, authorities announced a tsunami was heading our way and ordered people to run to high ground. There were frantic people everywhere running up the hills. Once up on the hill, we watched as a 10-metre-high tsunami crashed into the coast. It washed away houses, cars and buildings. I felt terrified.

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