Афанасьева, Михеева, Баранова, 7. Учебник. Unit 4. Step 4

1f, 2b, 3c, 4a, 5d, e — extra.

1) soil;
2) ground;
3) earth (the Earth);
4) land;
5) soil;
6) land;
7) ground;
8) earth (the Earth);
9) land;
10) soil.

1a, 2a, 3b, 4b.

B.
2) Jenny has been learning French for 5 years.
3) Peter has been learning Norwegian for a year.
4) Robin has been learning German for 2 years.
5) Diana has been learning Italian for 4 years.
6) Sam has been learning Chinese since 2003.
7) Brian has been learning Japanese since 2000.
8) Matilda has been learning Greek since 1998.
9) Nora has been learning Vietnamese since 2004.
10) William has been learning Spanish since 1999.

It has been raining:
1) for 11 hours in Bonn;
2) for 6 hours in Berlin;
3) for 9 hours in Paris;
4) for an hour in Madrid;
5) for 8 hours in Moscow;
6) for 10 hours in St Petersburg;
7) for 4 hours in Oslo;
8) for 2 hours in Vienna;
9) for 12 hours in London.

1) has been drawing;
2) has been working;
3) has been watching;
4) have been learning;
5) have been playing;
6) have been trying;
7) have been driving;
8) has been teaching.

1f, 2h, 3g, 4c, 5a, 6d, 7e, 8b.

1) Jack has been doing chemistry since 2009.
2) We have been preparing Christmas decorations all the morning.
3) Fiona has been working on the computer since the beginning of the school year.
4) We have been playing football for half an hour.
5) The Wilsons have been travelling about Australia for two months.

a) wild animals: bear, elk, reindeer, elephant, chimp, squirrel, hedgehog, turtle, snail;
b) domestic animals: cow, sheep, pig, hen, horse;
c) insects: grasshopper, ant, fly, bee.